Jerin binciken kwakkwafi (due diligence)

Jerin dubawa na cikakken bincike na kuɗi

Bayanan kuɗin da masu saye, masu zuba jari da masu ba da bashi ke nema don gwada riba, tsabar kuɗi da bashi kafin su amince da farashi – an tsara su a matsayin fihirisar ɗakin bayanai mai lamba.

Duba jerin bincike

Binciken kwakwaf na kuɗi shi ne inda ake gwada ƙimar kamfani. Akantocin mai saye suna sake gina ribar kamfanin daga littattafan lissafi, suna cire abubuwan da suka faru sau ɗaya da waɗanda ba sa maimaituwa don samun EBITDA da aka daidaita, suna ayyana matakin jarin aiki na alʼada kuma suna gano kowane abu da ya kamata a ɗauke shi a matsayin bashi. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sakamakon na iya canza farashi kai tsaye, musamman a yarjejeniyoyin da aka ƙayyade farashinsu bisa ninkin EBITDA tare da gyaran babu-kuɗi, babu-bashi.

Ana iya shirya yawancin buƙatun da ke ƙasa daga tsarin lissafinku kafin mai saye ya bayyana. Babban tanadin lokaci yana zuwa ne daga daidaitawa: lissafin gudanarwa na wata-wata da ya dace da bayanan kuɗin da aka tantance, kuɗin shiga bisa abokin ciniki da ya dace da littafin lissafi da kuma bayyananniyar gada daga EBITDA da aka ruwaito zuwa wanda aka daidaita. Mai sayarwa da ya bayar da waɗannan tun farko yana sarrafa labarin; mai sayarwa da bai bayar ba zai kashe makonni yana amsa tambayoyin bibiya.

Jerin binciken Cikakken bincike na kuɗi – manyan fayiloli 7, takardu 43

An sanya lambobi kamar jerin ɗakin bayanai: yi amfani da sassan a matsayin manyan fayiloli kuma ku ajiye lambobin a sunayen fayil.

1. Bayanan kuɗi na baya

  1. 1.1Bayanan kuɗi da aka tantance ko aka duba (shekaru 3 na ƙarshe)
  2. 1.2Wasiƙun gudanarwa na mai tantancewa da martani
  3. 1.3Lissafin gudanarwa na wata-wata (watanni 24–36 na ƙarshe)
  4. 1.4Maʼaunin gwaji da fitar da babban littafin lissafi
  5. 1.5Daidaita lissafin gudanarwa da lissafin doka
  6. 1.6Manufofin lissafi da canje-canje a ƙiyasi

2. Ingancin riba

  1. 2.1Gada daga EBITDA da aka ruwaito zuwa wanda aka daidaita
  2. 2.2Jadawalin abubuwan sau ɗaya da waɗanda ba sa maimaituwa tare da hujjoji
  3. 2.3Kuɗaɗe da hada-hadar mai shi da ɓangarori masu alaƙa
  4. 2.4Manufar amincewa da kuɗin shiga da nazarin iyakar lokaci
  5. 2.5Kuɗaɗen da aka mayar jari (haɓakawa, manhaja, riba)
  6. 2.6Motsin tanadi da ajiya
  7. 2.7Rahoton ingancin riba da mai sayarwa ya shirya (vendor), idan akwai

3. Kuɗin shiga da abokan ciniki

  1. 3.1Kuɗin shiga bisa abokin ciniki, samfur, tasha da yanki
  2. 3.2Taruwar abokan ciniki da nazarin rukuni / barin abokan ciniki
  3. 3.3Maʼaunan kuɗin shiga mai maimaituwa (ARR, MRR, riƙe kuɗin shiga na gaske) don kasuwancin biyan kuɗi
  4. 3.4Jadawalin kuɗin shiga da aka jinkirta da basussukan kwangila
  5. 3.5Canje-canjen farashi da ragi a cikin lokacin
  6. 3.6Takardun ragi, mayar da kuɗi da basussukan da ba za a iya karɓa ba

4. Kashe kuɗi da riba

  1. 4.1Rarraba kuɗin kayan da aka sayar da babbar riba bisa samfur
  2. 4.2Kuɗaɗen albashi da yawan maʼaikata bisa wata
  3. 4.3Manyan masu samarwa bisa kashe kuɗi
  4. 4.4Nazarin kuɗaɗen gudanarwa da shirye-shiryen rage kashe kuɗi
  5. 4.5Haɗarin canjin kuɗaɗen waje da kariya
  6. 4.6Kashe kuɗin talla da samun abokan ciniki bisa tasha

5. Jarin aiki

  1. 5.1Jarin aiki na gaske na wata-wata (watanni 24 na ƙarshe)
  2. 5.2Tsofaffin basussukan da ake bi da waɗanda ake bin mu
  3. 5.3Jerin kayan ajiya, tsufansu da tanadin lalacewa
  4. 5.4Jadawalin kuɗaɗen da aka tara da biyan kuɗi a gaba
  5. 5.5Nazarin yanayi na lokaci-lokaci
  6. 5.6Sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi na abokan ciniki da masu samarwa da duk wani canji

6. Bashin gaske da tsabar kuɗi

  1. 6.1Bayanan banki da daidaitawa
  2. 6.2Yarjejeniyoyin lamuni, overdraft, haya da sayayya ta biyan kaɗan-kaɗan
  3. 6.3Abubuwa masu kama da bashi (biyan da aka jinkirta, kari da ba a biya ba, basussukan haraji, ajiyar abokan ciniki)
  4. 6.4Garanti, wasiƙun bashi da alƙawuran da ba a cikin maʼauni ba
  5. 6.5Bayanan kwararar kuɗi da nazarin canza riba zuwa tsabar kuɗi
  6. 6.6Takardun shaidar bin sharuɗɗan lamuni

7. Hasashe da kasafin kuɗi

  1. 7.1Kasafin kuɗin shekarar yanzu da aikin shekara-zuwa-yau idan aka kwatanta da shi
  2. 7.2Samfurin kuɗi da hasashe (shekaru 3–5) tare da zato
  3. 7.3Jerin yarjejeniyoyin da ke tallafawa hasashen kuɗin shiga
  4. 7.4Shirin kashe jari da kashe jari na kulawa idan aka kwatanta da na haɓaka
  5. 7.5Shirin ɗaukar maʼaikata da zaton yawan maʼaikata
  6. 7.6Tarihin kasafin kuɗin baya idan aka kwatanta da ainihin sakamako
Jerin dubawa mai hulɗa
Kwafa zuwa Google Sheets

Buɗe sabon Google Sheet (sheets.new), danna sel A1 kuma ku liƙa wannan dabara – jerin dubawa yana lodawa tare da ginshiƙan Status, Owner, Due date da Notes:

Don gyara shi, zaɓi duka, kwafa kuma ku liƙa a matsayin ƙima kawai (Ctrl+Shift+V).

CSV yana buɗewa a Excel, Numbers ko Google Sheets. Wurin farawa ne mai amfani – daidaita shi da yarjejeniyarku da hurumin shariʼarku tare da masu ba ku shawara.

Ƙirƙiri wannan ɗaki a HelpRange

Wa ke tambaya

Akantocin ayyukan hada-hada na mai saye, ƙungiyar kuɗi ta mai zuba jari ko masu ba da shawara na asusun private equity; masu ba da lamuni da ke ɗaukar nauyin yarjejeniyar suna dogara da rahoto ɗaya.

Lokaci na yau da kullum

Sau da yawa makonni 3–6 na aikin fili bayan wasiƙar niyya, fiye da haka idan ana buƙatar sake gyara lissafi ko bayanan sun bazu a tsarurruka da yawa.

Manyan haɗari
  • Manyan gyare-gyare ko masu maimaituwa da ake kira "na sau ɗaya"
  • Kuɗin shiga da aka amince da shi kafin isarwa ko kurakuran iyakar lokaci a ƙarshen shekara
  • Jarin aiki da ya yi ƙasa ba bisa alʼada ba kafin yarjejeniyar
  • Kuɗaɗen da aka mayar jari waɗanda ke ƙara EBITDA
  • Abubuwa masu kama da bashi da ba a bayyana a jadawalin bashin gaske ba
  • Hasashen tashin gwauron zabi wanda jerin yarjejeniyoyi ba sa tallafawa
  • Lissafin gudanarwa da ba za a iya daidaita shi da binciken tantancewa ba

Mayar da wannan jerin bincike zuwa ɗakin bayanai

Samar da tsarin manyan fayiloli, loda takardu a ƙarƙashin lambobin jeri iri ɗaya kuma ku raba su tare da karɓar NDA, izini ga kowane babban fayil, alamun ruwa da bin diddigi a matakin shafi. Tsarin Max $87 ga kowace ƙungiya a wata don ɗakunan bayanai masu NDA, Unlimited $174, ko Deal Room Pass na sau ɗaya akan $199 (kwanaki 90).

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Cikakken bincike na kuɗi – tambayoyi

Mene ne rahoton ingancin riba?

Nazari, yawanci na akantoci masu zaman kansu, wanda ke daidaita EBITDA da aka ruwaito don abubuwan sau ɗaya, waɗanda ba sa maimaituwa da waɗanda ba na aiki ba don nuna riba mai ɗorewa. Masu saye suna amfani da shi don gwada ninkin riba; masu sayarwa a wasu lokuta suna ba da umarnin yin ɗaya tun da wuri (vendor QoE).

Waɗanne takardun kuɗi ake buƙata don binciken kwakwaf?

Bayanan kuɗi da aka tantance na kusan shekaru uku, lissafin gudanarwa na wata-wata, babban littafin lissafi da maʼaunin gwaji, nazarin kuɗin shiga da kashe kuɗi, jadawalin jarin aiki da bashi, bayanan banki, da kasafin kuɗi da hasashe tare da zato.

Me yasa jarin aiki yake da muhimmanci a yarjejeniya?

Yawancin yarjejeniyoyin saye suna ƙayyade manufa ("peg") don jarin aiki na alʼada; farashi yana hawa ko sauka idan ainihin jarin aiki a lokacin kammalawa ya bambanta. Ana amfani da nazarin wata-wata na baya don ƙayyade wannan manufa.

Mene ne abubuwa masu kama da bashi?

Basussukan da ba bashin banki ba ne amma suna rage ƙima ga mai saye, misali biyan da aka jinkirta, harajin da ba a biya ba, karin da aka tara, ajiyar abokan ciniki ko fansho mara isasshen kuɗi. Ana tattaunawa a kansu cikin ragin bashin gaske.

Har zuwa yaushe ya kamata bayanan kuɗi su koma baya?

Bayanan shekara na shekaru uku da bayanan wata-wata na watanni 24–36 buƙata ce ta gama-gari; ƙananan kamfanoni suna ba da komai tun daga kafuwa.